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See, Gerard Lee L.

Dean | School of Health Care Professions
Full Professor

glsee@usc.edu.ph

Degrees

B.S. Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, 2011
M.S. Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, 2014
Ph.D. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 2019
Post-doctoral program (transdermal drug delivery), Josai University, 2020

Research Interests:

Drug development, drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, nanotechnology

Recent Publications:

  1. Matsumoto, J.; Takeda, T.; Sugimoto, S.; Sakai, T.; Loyao, B.B.; Higashionna, T.; Hamano, H.; See, G.L.L.; Ariyoshi, N.; Zamami, Y.. Comparison of adverse event profiles of carfilzomib-, elotuzumab-, and ixazomib-based therapies combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma using VigiBase. Leukemia Research. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2026.108236.
  2. Cesista, E.P.; Capul, M.M.; Melgo, M.N.B.; Villagonzalo, N.J.A.; Arce, F.V.; See, G.L.L.. Pharmacist-led Review of Drug Utilization of Antipsychotic Medications in a Tertiary Government Hospital in Cebu City, Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina. 2026, https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.13710.
  3. Lagahit, V.S.M.; Malayao, L.A.A.; Angulo, M.T.S.; Remperas, L.D.C.; Rivera, M.J.P.; Ortega, C.A.; Loyao, B.B.; Lapinig, M.M.; Ecoy, G.J.U.; Lescano, J.I.O.; Sakdiset, P.; Arce, F.V.; See, G.L.L.. Spray-dried Garcinia kola Heckel Seed Extract Inhibits α-amylase and Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity in Alloxan-induced Hyperglycemic Mice. Philippine Journal of Science. 2026, https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105043114497.
  4. Kanai, R.; Seki, T.; Yukimura, T.; Komatsu, S.; Itakura, S.; Arce, F.J.; See, G.L.; Kiba, Y.; Kitamura, M.; Kodama, N.; Inoue, Y.; Oshizaka, T.; Todo, H.. Potential Enhancement of Topical Drug Delivery Using Grapefruit-derived Nanoparticles Modified Using TAT Peptide. Pharmaceutical Research. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-026-04014-6.
  5. Boonlai, W.; Sawatdee, S.; Kraisit, P.; Arce, F.; Lee See, G.; Sakdiset, P.; Hirun, N.. Xanthan Gum–Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Gels as Potential Oral Delivery Platforms for Dysphagia. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1155/adpp/1994435.
  6. Liston, L.S.B.; Cabije, Z.U.; Belleza, E.J.; Ortega, C.; Melgo, M.N.; Camson, V.; Dahlizar, S.; Sakdiset, P.; Ecoy, G.A.; See, G.L.; Arce, F.. Effect of cosmetic whitening ingredients’ lipophilicity on melanocyte cytotoxicity: A systematic review. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 2026, https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3577.
  7. Liston, L.S.; Phanapithakkun, S.; Pimsarn, N.; Dangkaokhia, N.; Nakasan, T.; Sae Yoon, A.; Todo, H.; Srichana, T.; Sawatdee, S.; See, G.L.; Arce, F.; Sakdiset, P.. Formulation Development and Characterization of Bigels Containing Curcumin for Topical Skin Delivery. AAPS Pharmscitech. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-025-03166-9.
  8. Ortega, C.; Nomura, M.; Ohtomo, M.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Inoue, Y.. Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Capacity of Xanthone–Urea Complex. Materials. 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112658.
  9. Cabachete, A.M.; Lescano, J.I.O.; Tagle, L.V.; Areja, M.M.; Tan, E.Y.; Ecoy, G.A.U.; Arce, F.V.; See, G.L.L.. Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Eastern Visayas towards Readiness to Provide Information Service on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Products. Acta Medica Philippina. 2025, https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.9085.
  10. See, G.L.L.; Arce, F.V.; Ecoy, G.A.U.; Melgo, M.N.B.; Areja, M.M.; Tagle, L.V.; Ong, A.J.S.; Belleza, D.E.. Social and Personal Determinants of Herbal Supplement Use in Metro Cebu, the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science. 2024, https://doi.org/10.56899/153.04.06.
  11. Flores, K.A.; Okada, A.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Itakura, S.; Todo, H.; Sugibayashi, K.. Development of an Auraptene-Loaded Transdermal Formulation Using Non-ionic Sugar Ester Surfactants. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c23-00796.
  12. Longgos, L.D.; Pequiro, E.B.; Liston, L.S.B.; Flores, K.A.M.; Ecoy, G.A.U.; Sakdiset, P.; See, G.L.L.; Arce, F.V.. Effect of Terpenes on the Enhancement of Skin Permeation of Lipophilic Drugs: A Systematic Review. Acta Medica Philippina. 2024, https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.6505.
  13. Inoue, Y.; Motoda, A.; Tanikawa, T.; Takao, K.; Arce, F.; Lee See, G.; Ishida, Y.; Nakata, D.; Terao, K.. Inclusion complexes of Ursolic acid with Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic Framework-1 enhance its solubility. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104986.
  14. Sakdiset, P.; Arce, F.J.; See, G.L.; Sawatdee, S.; Sae Yoon, A.. Preparation and characterization of lidocaine HCl-loaded proniosome gels with skin penetration enhancers. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104639.
  15. Inoue, Y.; Nanri, A.; Arce, F.J.; See, G.L.; Tanikawa, T.; Yokogawa, T.; Kitamura, M.. Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Ternary Inclusion Complexes of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Urea with γ-Cyclodextrin. Chemengineering. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7020029.
  16. Tachikawa, R.; Saito, H.; Moteki, H.; Kimura, M.; Kitagishi, H.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Tanikawa, T.; Inoue, Y.. Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Inclusion Complexes Formed between S-Allylcysteine and Cyclodextrins. ACS Omega. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03489.
  17. Kadhum, W.R.; See, G.L.; Alhijjaj, M.; Kadhim, M.M.; Arce, F.J.; Al-Janabi, A.S.; Al-Rashidi, R.R.; Khadom, A.A.. Evaluation of the Skin Permeation-Enhancing Abilities of Newly Developed Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Liquid Crystal Formulations Based on Hexosomes. Crystals. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091238.
  18. Liston, L.S.; Rivas, P.L.; Sakdiset, P.; See, G.L.; Arce, F.. Chemical Permeation Enhancers for Topically-Applied Vitamin C and Its Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Cosmetics. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9040085.
  19. Inoue, Y.; Shigematsu, M.; Komatsu, T.; Oguchi, T.; Arce, F.J.; See, G.L.. Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Inclusion Complexes of 3D Ball-Milled Rifampicin with β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin: 3D Ball-Milled Rifampicin with β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin. AAPS Pharmscitech. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02290-0.
  20. Sakurai, H.; Suzuki, M.; Itakura, S.; Todo, H.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Tanikawa, T.; Inoue, Y.. Preparation, Characterization, Solubility, and Antioxidant Capacity of Ellagic Acid-Urea Complex. Materials. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082836.
  21. Inoue, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Ezawa, T.; Tanikawa, T.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Tomita, J.; Suzuki, M.; Oguchi, T.. Inclusion Complexes of Daidzein with Cyclodextrin-Based Metal–Organic Framework-1 Enhance Its Solubility and Antioxidant Capacity. AAPS Pharmscitech. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-021-02151-2.
  22. Yoshimura, K.; Sano, A.; Suzuki, R.; Mitomo, S.I.; Negishi, Y.; Mutai, T.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Tanikawa, T.; Inoue, Y.. Determination of sugars and amino acids in japanese wine using core-shell liquid chromatography tandem electrochemical detection. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022, https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85143524835.
  23. Nanri, A.; Yoshida, M.; Ishida, Y.; Nakata, D.; Terao, K.; Arce, F.; See, G.L.; Tanikawa, T.; Inoue, Y.. Preparation and characterization of a hybrid complex of cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks-1 and ascorbic acid derivatives. Materials. 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237309.
  24. See, G.L.L.; Arce, F.V.. Management of minor ailments by community pharmacists in cebu, philippines - an exploratory study. Acta Medica Philippina. 2020, https://doi.org/10.47895/AMP.V54I5.2236.
  25. See, G.L.; Arce, F.; Dahlizar, S.; Okada, A.; Fadli, M.F.B.M.; Hijikuro, I.; Itakura, S.; Katakura, M.; Todo, H.; Sugibayashi, K.. Enhanced nose-to-brain delivery of tranilast using liquid crystal formulations. Journal of Controlled Release. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.028.

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